1. Explain the "camera obscure" effect. how is it achieved?
The effect came to be known as the "camera obscura" which is latin for "dark room". This was the first camera. the hole acted like a lens, focusing and projecting light onto the wall of the dark chamber.

2. What invention during the 17th Century helped man get a step closer to creating the modern camera?
In the 17th Century, the modern camera came one step closer when Isaac Newton and Christian Huygens perfected the perfected the understanding of optics and the process of making high quality glass lenses.

3.What were the parts of the first modern camera invented by Niepce?
In 1827Joseph Nicephore Niepce added Film to accompany a glass lens, a dark box.

4. What do modern digital cameras have in common with Niepce's camera?
Light passes through the lens, into the camera, and expresses the film.

5. What do digital cameras use to capture an image?
Re[lacing old-fashioned plastic film, digital cameras capture the images with an electronic sensor called a CCD. photographs are stored on reusable computer memory devices.

6. What is the difference between the Auto Mode and the Program mode? 
Auto the camera will completely control flash and exposure. on most cameras this is labelled "auto" or just "A"
Program automatically-assist, just point and shoot. you can control flash and a few other settings.

7. What is portrait mode used for? How does it work?
Its used to attempt to blu out the background by using high f-stop settings

8. what is the sports mode used for? (not just sports) How does it work?
to freeze motion, camera will use the highest shutter speed possible.

9. Why should you do a half press on the trigger button?
a half-press will tell the camera that you're almost ready to take a shot and to be prepared.

10. What does this symbol mean?
 it means theres no flash. there are many cases where you may not want flash at all. the mood of the photograph can sometimes be more dramatic when the natural light is used.

when would you use these? when its a sunny day outside 

11. What does this symbol mean?
in most cameras modes, auto flash is enabled by default and will automatically fire if the camera thinks it needs more light.
when would you use this?
when it may be night, and you would just have to press to take a picture

12.What happens to your photo if there is too much light?
too much light and the picture will be washed out. 

13. What happens to your photo if there is not enough light?
not enough light and the picture will be too dark.

14. What is a "stop"?
its used in every aspect of photography to reprint a relative change in the brightness of light.

15. How many stops brighter is the new planet if there are two sons instead of one?
1 stop

16. how many stops brighter is the new planet if there are four sons instead of two ?
2 stops

17. what affect does a longer shutter speed of have?
More light

18. What affects does a shorter shutter have ? 
less light

19. What does the aperture control?
how much light comes through the camera 

20. when adjusting the aperture, how can you increase the amount of light?
by setting the "Aperture Opening" also known as an F-Stop.